Redox Metabolism and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease which increases their mortality. Although oxidative stress is involved in the onset and progression of this disorder, the specific role of some of the main redox regulators, such as catalase, the main scavenger of H2O2, remains unclear. In the present study, epigastric arteries of kidney transplant recipients, a rat model of VC, and an in vitro model of VC exhibiting catalase (Cts) overexpression were analysed. Pericalcified areas of human epigastric arteries had increased levels of catalase and cytoplasmic, rather than nuclear runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In the rat model, advanced aortic VC concurred with lower levels of the H2O2-scavenger glutathione peroxidase 3 compared to controls. In an early model of calcification using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Cts VSMCs showed the expected increase in total levels of RUNX2. However, Cts VMSCs also exhibited a lower percentage of the nucleus stained for RUNX2 in response to calcifying media. In this early model of VC, we did not observe a dysregulation of the mitochondrial redox state; instead, an increase in the general redox state was observed in the cytoplasm. These results highlight the complex role of antioxidant enzymes as catalase by regulation of RUNX2 subcellular location delaying the onset of VC.

Acceso a los servicios de salud dental en internos de establecimientos penitenciarios

Introducción: La población penitenciaria debido a su condición vulnerable está expuesta a sufrir el deterioro de su salud. El estado es quien debe prestar y garantizar los servicios básicos. El objetivo fue describir las condiciones de acceso a la salud bucal de los internos recluidos en centros penitenciarios del Perú. Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y se recogió los datos en una ficha documental de fuentes secundarias entre el periodo 2015 al 2021 proporcionada por el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario del Perú. La muestra fue de 87245 internos recluidos en 64 establecimientos y distribuidos en ocho regiones. Para la recolección de datos y el análisis estadístico se empleó el paquete profesional software estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics versión 26 para Windows (SPSS Inc., de Estados Unidos). El análisis de datos es descriptivo, se realizó utilizando tablas de frecuencias, en las cuales se trabajó con la frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que solo 43 internos (67,19%) cuentan con servicios odontológicos, de los cuales 29 tienen asignado un personal odontólogo. Discusión: En cuanto a las medidas de prevención, ninguno de los centros penitenciarios destina presupuesto para este fin. Durante el año 2021, 22364 internos no recibieron atención bucal. Gran parte de la población penitenciaria no tiene acceso a los servicios básicos de odontología y otros reciben servicios precarios. Se pone en riesgo la salud bucal de los internos y se les priva de sus derechos básicos de acceso a la salud.

Introduction: The prison population, due to its vulnerable condition, is exposed to deteriorating health. The state is the one who must provide and guarantee basic services. The objective was to describe the conditions of access to oral health for inmates confined in penitentiary centers in Peru. Material and methods: It is a descriptive, longitudinal study and it collected the data in a documentary file from secondary sources between 2015 to 2021 provided by the Peru's National Penitentiary Institute. The sample consisted of 87,245 inmates confined in 64 establishments and distributed in eight regions. For data collection and statistical analysis, the professional statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 for Windows (SPSS Inc., United States) was used. The data analysis is descriptive, it was carried out using frequency tables, in which we worked with the absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The results show that only 43 inmates (67.19%) have dental services, of which 29 are assigned a dental staff. Discussion: Regarding prevention measures, none of the prisons allocate a budget for this purpose. During the year 2021, 22,364 inmates did not receive oral care. A large part of the prison population does not have access to basic dental services and cons receive precarious services. The oral health of inmates is put at risk and they are deprived of their basic rights to access to health.

MicroRNA-145 and microRNA-486 are potential serum biomarkers for vascular calcification.

INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate vascular calcification (VC), and their quantification may contribute to suspicion of the presence of VC. METHODS: The study was performed in four phases. Phase 1: miRs sequencing of rat calcified and non-calcified aortas. Phase 2: miRs with the highest rate of change, plus miR-145 [the most abundant miR in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)], were validated in aortas and serum from rats with and without VC. Phase 3: the selected miRs were analyzed in epigastric arteries from kidney donors and recipients, and serum samples from general population. Phase 4: VSMCs were exposed to different phosphorus concentrations, and miR-145 and miR-486 were overexpressed to investigate their role in VC. RESULTS: miR-145, miR-122-5p, miR-486 and miR-598-3p decreased in the rat calcified aortas, but only miR-145 and miR-486 were detected in serum. In human epigastric arteries, miR-145 and miR-486 were lower in kidney transplant recipients compared with donors. Both miRs inversely correlated with arterial calcium content and with VC (Kauppila index). In the general population, the severe VC was associated with the lowest serum levels of both miRs. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that serum miR-145 was a good biomarker of VC. In VSMCs exposed to high phosphorus, calcium content, osteogenic markers (Runx2 and Osterix) increased, and the contractile marker (α-actin), miR-145 and miR-486 decreased. Overexpression of miR-145, and to a lesser extent miR-486, prevented the increase in calcium content induced by high phosphorus, the osteogenic differentiation and the loss of the contractile phenotype. CONCLUSION: miR-145 and miR-486 regulate the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs, and their quantification in serum could serve as a marker of VC.

Eficacia y seguridad de oxihidróxido sucroférrico en el tratamiento de la hiperfosforemia en la enfermedad renal crónica. Estudio FOSFASTUR / Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease. FOSFASTUR study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las alteraciones del metabolismo óseo y mineral son muy frecuentes en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). El aumento en los niveles de fósforo condiciona enfermedad ósea, riego de calcificación y mayor mortalidad, por lo que cualquier estrategia encaminada a su reducción debe ser bienvenida. El último fármaco incorporado al arsenal terapéutico para tratar la hiperfosforemia en la ERC es el oxihidróxido sucroférrico (OSF). OBJETIVO: Analizar la eficacia y seguridad de OSF en 3 cohortes de pacientes, una con ERC avanzada no en diálisis, otra en diálisis peritoneal y finalmente otra en hemodiálisis, seguidas durante 6 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional multicéntrico, prospectivo, de práctica clínica. Se analizaron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Se valoró la evolución de parámetros relacionados con las alteraciones del metabolismo óseo y mineral y la anemia. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 85 pacientes (62 ± 12 años, 64% varones, 34% diabéticos), 25 con ERC avanzada no en diálisis, 25 en diálisis peritoneal y finalmente 35 en hemodiálisis. En 66 pacientes (78%) OSF fue el primer captor del fósforo; en los otros 19 se sustituyó un captor previo por OSF, por falta de tolerancia o eficacia. La dosis inicial de OSF fue 964 ± 323 mg/día. Globalmente los niveles séricos de fósforo experimentaron un descenso significativo a los 3 meses de tratamiento (19,6%; p < 0,001). No hubo diferencias en la eficacia del fármaco al comparar las distintas poblaciones analizadas. A lo largo del estudio no se modificaron los niveles de calcio, PTHi, ferritina, índice de saturación de la transferrina ni hemoglobina, aunque se manifestó una tendencia al aumento de los 2 últimos. Doce pacientes (14%) abandonaron el seguimiento, 10 por efectos adversos gastrointestinales (diarrea fundamentalmente) y 2 por pérdida de seguimiento (trasplante renal). La dosis media del fármaco que recibieron los pacientes se incrementó a lo largo del tiempo hasta alcanzar los 1.147 ± 371 mg/día. CONCLUSIONES: OSF es una opción eficaz para el tratamiento de la hiperfosforemia en pacientes con ERC tanto en fases avanzadas de la enfermedad como en diálisis. Encontramos una eficacia similar en los 3 grupos analizados. A mayor nivel basal de fósforo, mayor descenso de sus niveles séricos. Con dosis de alrededor de 1.000 g/día se puede conseguir un notable descenso de los niveles de fósforo. La diarrea fue el efecto secundario más frecuente, aunque tuvo poca importancia generalmente

INTRODUCTION: Alterations in bone and mineral metabolism are very common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase in phosphate levels leads to bone disease, risk of calcification and greater mortality, so any strategy aimed at reducing them should be welcomed. The latest drug incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal to treat hyperphosphataemia in CKD is sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO). OBJECTIVE: To analyse the efficacy and safety of SFO in 3 cohorts of patients, one with advanced CKD not on dialysis, another on peritoneal dialysis and the last on haemodialysis, followed for 6 months. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre study in clinical practice. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analysed. The evolution of parameters relating to alterations in bone and mineral metabolism and anaemia was analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included in the study (62 ± 12 years, 64% male, 34% diabetic), 25 with advanced CKD not on dialysis, 25 on peritoneal dialysis and lastly, 35 on haemodialysis. In 66 patients (78%), SFO was the first phosphate binder; in the other 19, SFO replaced a previous phosphate binder due to poor tolerance or efficacy. The initial dose of SFO was 964 ± 323 mg/day. Overall, serum phosphate levels saw a significant reduction at 3 months of treatment (19.6%; P < .001). There were no differences in the efficacy of the drug when the different populations analysed were compared. Over the course of the study, there were no changes to levels of calcium, PTHi, ferritin, transferrin saturation index or haemoglobin, although there was a tendency for the last 2 to increase. Twelve patients (14%) withdrew from follow-up, 10 due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (primarily diarrhoea) and 2 were lost to follow-up (kidney transplant). The mean dose of the drug that the patients received increased over time, up to 1,147 ± 371 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: SFO is an effective option for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with CKD both in the advanced phases of the disease and on dialysis. We found similar efficacy across the 3 groups analysed. The higher their baseline phosphate level, the greater the reduction in the serum levels. A notable reduction in phosphate levels can be achieved with doses of around 1,000 mg/day. Diarrhoea was the most common side effect, although it generally was not significant

Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease in Asturias. FOSFASTUR study.

Alterations in bone and mineral metabolism are very common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase in phosphate levels leads to bone disease, risk of calcification and greater mortality, so any strategy aimed at reducing them should be welcomed. The latest drug incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal to treat hyperphosphataemia in CKD is Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide (SFO). OBJECTIVE: To analyse the efficacy and safety of OSF in three cohorts of patients, one with advanced chronic kidney disease not on dialysis (CKD-NoD), another on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the last on haemodialysis (HD), followed for six months. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre study in clinical practice. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analysed. The evolution of parameters relating to alterations in bone and mineral metabolism and anaemia was analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included in the study (62 ±â€¯12 years, 64% male, 34% diabetic), 25 with CKD-NoD, 25 on PD and lastly, 35 on HD. In 66 patients (78%), SFO was the first phosphate binder; in the other 19, SFO replaced a previous phosphate binder due to poor tolerance or efficacy. The initial dose of SFO was 964 ±â€¯323 mg/day. Overall, serum phosphate levels saw a significant reduction at three months of treatment (19.6%, P < 0.001). There were no differences in the efficacy of the drug when the different populations analysed were compared. Over the course of the study, there were no changes to levels of calcium, PTHi, ferritin, or the transferrin and haemoglobin saturation indices, although there was a tendency for the last two to increase. Twelve patients (14%) withdrew from follow-up, ten due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (primarily diarrhoea) and two were lost to follow-up (kidney transplant). The mean dose of the drug that the patients received increased over time, up to 1147 ±â€¯371 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: SFO is an effective option for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with CKD both in the advanced phases of the disease and on dialysis. We found similar efficacy across the three groups analysed. The higher their baseline phosphate level, the greater the reduction in the serum levels. A notable reduction in phosphate levels can be achieved with doses of around 1000 mg/day. Diarrhoea was the most common side effect, although it generally was not significant.

Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease. FOSFASTUR study. / Eficacia y seguridad de oxihidróxido sucroférrico en el tratamiento de la hiperfosforemia en la enfermedad renal crónica. Estudio FOSFASTUR.

INTRODUCTION: Alterations in bone and mineral metabolism are very common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase in phosphate levels leads to bone disease, risk of calcification and greater mortality, so any strategy aimed at reducing them should be welcomed. The latest drug incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal to treat hyperphosphataemia in CKD is sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO). OBJECTIVE: To analyse the efficacy and safety of SFO in 3 cohorts of patients, one with advanced CKD not on dialysis, another on peritoneal dialysis and the last on haemodialysis, followed for 6 months. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre study in clinical practice. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analysed. The evolution of parameters relating to alterations in bone and mineral metabolism and anaemia was analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included in the study (62±12 years, 64% male, 34% diabetic), 25 with advanced CKD not on dialysis, 25 on peritoneal dialysis and lastly, 35 on haemodialysis. In 66 patients (78%), SFO was the first phosphate binder; in the other 19, SFO replaced a previous phosphate binder due to poor tolerance or efficacy. The initial dose of SFO was 964±323mg/day. Overall, serum phosphate levels saw a significant reduction at 3 months of treatment (19.6%; P<.001). There were no differences in the efficacy of the drug when the different populations analysed were compared. Over the course of the study, there were no changes to levels of calcium, PTHi, ferritin, transferrin saturation index or haemoglobin, although there was a tendency for the last 2 to increase. Twelve patients (14%) withdrew from follow-up, 10 due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (primarily diarrhoea) and 2 were lost to follow-up (kidney transplant). The mean dose of the drug that the patients received increased over time, up to 1,147±371mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: SFO is an effective option for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with CKD both in the advanced phases of the disease and on dialysis. We found similar efficacy across the 3 groups analysed. The higher their baseline phosphate level, the greater the reduction in the serum levels. A notable reduction in phosphate levels can be achieved with doses of around 1,000mg/day. Diarrhoea was the most common side effect, although it generally was not significant.

eWoT: A Semantic Interoperability Approach for Heterogeneous IoT Ecosystems Based on the Web of Things.

With the constant growth of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, allowing them to interact transparently has become a major issue for both the research and the software development communities. In this paper we propose a novel approach that builds semantically interoperable ecosystems of IoT devices. The approach provides a SPARQL query-based mechanism to transparently discover and access IoT devices that publish heterogeneous data. The approach was evaluated in order to prove that it provides complete and correct answers without affecting the response time and that it scales linearly in large ecosystems.

Satisfacción del paciente en diálisis (Hemodiálisis y Diálisis Peritoneal): aspectos a mejorar / Dialysis patient satisfaction (Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis): issues to improve

Introducción: Todos los planes de calidad en el ámbito hospitalario tienen como uno de los principales objetivos la satisfacción del paciente. Los resultados de las encuestas de satisfacción permiten tomar decisiones que mejoran la calidad de los cuidados y aumentan los beneficios de los tratamientos, por ello, es importante su realización periódica en todos los ámbitos asistenciales incluyendo la diálisis. Los pacientes en diálisis están sometidos a un grado de estrés físico y mental importante. Existen numerosos estudios que avalan que la satisfacción del paciente influye de forma importante en su percepción de la propia salud, y por tanto, la práctica clínica diaria debe incluir el manejo de cuestionarios específicos para valorar este tema y poder dar una respuesta adecuada. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes de una Unidad de diálisis de un mismo hospital con amplia representación tanto de hemodiálisis (HD) como de diálisis peritoneal (DP), analizando al mismo tiempo si existen diferencias entre ambas técnicas. Material y métodos: Se hizo un corte transversal de todos los pacientes en diálisis (HD y DP) de nuestro centro y se les entregó para su cumplimentación anónima el cuestionario validado SERVQHOS modificado para HD (adaptando su redacción para DP) que evalúa la satisfacción con veintiún atributos y variables sociodemográficas que podrían condicionar la satisfacción. Resultados: Fueron incluidos en este estudio 143 pacientes que completaron el cuestionario, 50 de HD (35%) y 93 de DP (65%). En HD el 53% eran hombres, frente al 63% en DP. La edad media fue de 68 años en HD (37-91) y de 62 años en DP (31-88). Sólo un 7% era trabajador activo en HD, frente al 10,6% en DP. El 65% de los pacientes en HD tenía estudios primarios y un 13% no tenía estudios de ningún tipo, frente al 60% y el 5 % en DP, respectivamente. El tiempo medio en HD era de 46 meses (1-300) y en DP de 24 meses (1-167) Se completaron un 79% de encuestas en HD y un 100% en DP. Evaluando de forma global la satisfacción, un 74% se mostró muy satisfecho, un 25% satisfecho y un 1% poco satisfecho. El aspecto mejor valorado en HD fue la apariencia del personal, (4,62 sobre 5), y el peor la información referente a la medicación (3,37 sobre 5); en DP lo más valorado fue el interés del personal de enfermería por los pacientes (4,81 sobre 5) y lo peor la tecnología de los equipos (3,53 sobre 5). Conclusiones: El elevado porcentaje de cumplimentación obtenido (muy alto para este tipo de estudios) indica que los pacientes colaboran de buen grado. En vista de los resultados, podemos concluir que los pacientes en diálisis se muestran globalmente satisfechos pero que debemos mejorar, especialmente en HD la información, sobre todo la relacionada con la medicación. Este es el punto que nos plantemos como objetivo de mejora para el futuro dada además su vinculación con la Seguridad del Paciente (AU)

Introduction: All quality plans in hospitals as one of the main objectives patient satisfaction. The results of satisfaction surveys allow decisions that improve the quality of care and increase the benefits of the treatments, it is important periodic realization in all care settings including dialysis. Dialysis patients are subject to a significant degree of physical and mental stress. There are numerous studies that support that patient satisfaction has a significant impact on their perception of their own health, and therefore daily clinical practice should include handling specific questionnaires to assess this issue and to give an adequate response. Objective: To evaluate patient satisfaction of a dialysis unit of the same hospital with broad representation from both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), while analyzing whether there are differences between the two techniques. Material and methods: A cross section of all dialysis patients (HD and PD) of our center was made and were given to be completed anonymously validated questionnaire modified to HD SERVQHOS (adapting its wording to DP) which evaluates satisfaction with twenty attributes and variables sociodemographic that could affect satisfaction. Results: They were included in this study 143 patients who completed the questionnaire, 50 HD (35%) and 93 of DP (65%). HD 53% were men, compared with 63% in DP. The average age was 68 years in HD (37-91) and 62 years in DP (31-88). Only 7% were active worker in HD, compared to 10.6% in DP. 65% of HD patients had primary education and 13% had no education of any kind, compared with 60% and 5% in DP, respectively. The average time on HD was 46 months (1-300) and DP of 24 months (1-167). 79% of surveys in HD and 100% in DP were completed. Assessing satisfaction globally, 74% were very satisfied, 25% satisfied and 1% dissatisfied. The best valued aspect in HD was the appearance of staff (4.62 of 5), and the worst information concerning medication (3.37 to 5); DP most valued was the interest of nurses by patients (4.81 out of 5) and worst technology equipment (3.53 out of 5). Conclusions: The high percentage of completion obtained (very high for this type of study) indicates that patients collaborate willingly. In view of the results, we can conclude that dialysis patients is globally satisfied but we need to improve, especially in HD information, especially related to the medication. This is the point we plant we aim for improvement in the future also because of its links with Patient Safety (AU)

Síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip en diálisis peritoneal / Berardinelli-Seip syndrome in peritoneal dialysis

Se describe el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip, un tipo de lipodistrofia congénita generalizada, que inició a los 20 años, con marcada resistencia insulínica y complicaciones micro- y macroangiopáticas, entre ellas una enfermedad renal crónica que la ha llevado a iniciar tratamiento renal sustitutivo en la modalidad de diálisis peritoneal. Para ello llevamos un repaso de la historia de la paciente desde la edad pediátrica (momento en el que ya aparecen los primeros signos de la enfermedad) hasta la actualidad. Más allá de lo infrecuente de esta enfermedad, es de destacar que lo excepcional del caso es que se trata del único caso (al menos registrado en la literatura) de pacientes afectos de síndrome de Berardinelli-Seip en programa de diálisis (AU)

A case of Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a congenital generalised lipodystrophy, is reported. Symptoms first appeared when the patient was 20 years old. She showed severe insulin resistance aswell as micro- and macro-angiopathic complications, including chronic kidney disease, which required renal replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis. The patient’s clinical course was reviewed since paediatric age (when initial signs of the disease being already evident) to present time. Berardinelli-Seip syndromeis very uncommon, and the present case is particularly rare because it is the only case (at least as reported in the literature) in a patient receiving dialysis (AU)

Berardinelli-Seip syndrome in peritoneal dialysis.

A case of Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a congenital generalised lipodystrophy, is reported. Symptoms first appeared when the patient was 20 years old. She showed severe insulin resistance as well as micro- and macro-angiopathic complications, including chronic kidney disease, which required renal replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis. The patient's clinical course was reviewed since paediatric age (when initial signs of the disease being already evident) to present time. Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is very uncommon, and the present case is particularly rare because it is the only case (at least as reported in the literature) in a patient receiving dialysis.

A semantic sensor web for environmental decision support applications.

Sensing devices are increasingly being deployed to monitor the physical world around us. One class of application for which sensor data is pertinent is environmental decision support systems, e.g., flood emergency response. For these applications, the sensor readings need to be put in context by integrating them with other sources of data about the surrounding environment. Traditional systems for predicting and detecting floods rely on methods that need significant human resources. In this paper we describe a semantic sensor web architecture for integrating multiple heterogeneous datasets, including live and historic sensor data, databases, and map layers. The architecture provides mechanisms for discovering datasets, defining integrated views over them, continuously receiving data in real-time, and visualising on screen and interacting with the data. Our approach makes extensive use of web service standards for querying and accessing data, and semantic technologies to discover and integrate datasets. We demonstrate the use of our semantic sensor web architecture in the context of a flood response planning web application that uses data from sensor networks monitoring the sea-state around the coast of England.

Informe final sobre la consultoria de análisis financiero-económico para la elaboración de politica tarifaria de Cochabamba: I parte / sss

Para efectuar el citado estudio de la empresa SEMAPA, se procedió a recopilar información en las siguientes áreas: a) nivel de organismos financieros; b) nivel gubernamental; c) nivel empresa SEMAPA. El objetivo de la consultoria para la elaboración de Política Tarifaria de agua potable y alcantarillado para la empresa SEMAPA contemplará los siguientes puntos: Establecer los procedimientos para la Política Tarifaria. Establecer una metodología de Cálculo tarifario. Evaluación del Sistema Comercial. Las otras actividades de la asesoria: Coordinar con la empresa la información básica para la realización de los objetivos. Evaluación de la información existente. Asesoramiento para la implantación de objetivos y el seguimiento de los mismos

Informe final sobre la consultoria para la elaboración de un sistema administrativo para implementar una estructura orgánica y las bases de un plan de incentivos para el personal profesional de SEMAPA: II parte / sss

El objetivo de esta consultoria es el de implementar uns Estructura Orgánica acorde al desarrollo mostrado en la próxima década en base a la I parte y el establecimiento de las bases de un sistema de incentivos para la Carrera de Administrativa. Todo esto como complemento al estudio económico-financiero

Informe final sobre la consultoria de análisis financiero-económico de los proyectos de agua y alcantarillado de las ciudades de Trinidad y Riberalta del 1 al 31 de agosto de 1982/ / sss

El objetivo de esta consultoria es el de efectuar el análisis económico-financiero de los proyectos de agua potable y alcantarillado de Trinidad y Riberalta para los cuales se tiene el diseño final, el estudio deberá contemplar tarifas e incluir los siguientes aspectos: Rentabilidad financiera del proyecto, Análisis de sensibilidad, Fuente de uso de fondos. Beneficios económicos del Proyecto, Determinación de fuentes de financiamiento